Say the word "cholesterol" and many people think they know what it is. But there are two common misperceptions about cholesterol: (1) that it is a fat, and (2) that the body would be healthier without it.

Actually, cholesterol is not a fat, but a fat-like, waxy substance. Your body needs cholesterol to function (although the body makes its own cholesterol, making dietary cholesterol unnecessary).

Cholesterol and heart health

While cholesterol is necessary for your body to function properly, too much cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream can increase your risk for cardiovascular disease. The excess cholesterol in the blood can build up and contribute to thick deposits (plaque) in the walls of arteries, making it harder for the blood to flow to vital organs, such as the heart and brain. These clogged arteries can eventually lead to heart attack or stroke.

Types of cholesterol

Different types of blood cholesterol have been identified and have been studied for their effects on health:

Total cholesterol is the total of all cholesterol in your blood.

LDL ("bad") cholesterol contributes to blocked arteries.

HDL ("good") cholesterol actually helps keep cholesterol deposits from building up in the arteries.

Knowing your levels

A blood test can determine your cholesterol levels. High levels of total and LDL cholesterol and/or low levels of HDL cholesterol mean you may be at greater risk for cardiovascular disease. (See your doctor to determine if and how often you should have your cholesterol tested.)

For HDL cholesterol, a higher measurement is actually protective. A measurement of 60 mg/dL or higher is considered protective against heart disease.

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has set the following ranges for cholesterol screening:

Total cholesterol:

< 200 mg/dL	=	desirable
200-239 mg/dL	=	borderline high
≥240 mg/dL	=	high

LDL cholesterol:

< 100 mg/dL	=	optimal
100-129 mg/dL	=	near optimal/above optimal
130-159 mg/dL	=	borderline high
160-189 mg/dL	=	high
≥190 mg/dL	=	very high

Taking control of high cholesterol

Fortunately, there are several things you can try to control high blood cholesterol:

• As a first step, consult your doctor to discuss the prevention or treatment strategies that will be best for you.

• Choose a diet low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol, and high in fiber.

• Control your weight.

• Get regular exercise.

• Consult a registered dietitian for dietary advice. To find one near you, visit the American Dietetic Association. www.eatright.org